The International Date Line and the requests that cross it
Two points a short distance apart can be on different calendar days entirely, purely because of where the International Date Line happens to run between them.
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Data quality (page 3)
Coverage by country, accuracy measurements, and how to read the precision and confidence in each answer.
Leap seconds, UTC, and why they rarely matter to you
Every so often, an extra second gets inserted into UTC to keep it aligned with the Earth's actual rotation. Almost no application needs to think about this directly.
What ASN data can and can't tell you about a location
An autonomous system number tells you which network operator carries traffic for an IP address, which is a useful and often underused signal, but it is not the same as a location.
Rural versus urban accuracy gaps in address data
Dense cities tend to have detailed, well maintained address data. Rural areas often do not, and that gap shows up directly in geocoding precision and confidence.
Data refresh cycles: how often location data should change
Location data is not static. New addresses get built, postal boundaries shift, and IP blocks get reassigned, all on different timescales that matter for accuracy.
IPv6 allocation and what it means for geolocation
IPv6's vastly larger address space changes how blocks get allocated and used, with real consequences for how precisely an IPv6 address can be geolocated.
How satellite internet ranges complicate IP geolocation
A satellite internet connection can route traffic through a ground station far from the actual user, which makes IP geolocation for these networks noticeably less precise.
Why "just use lat and lon" oversimplifies location precision
A pair of coordinates looks like the whole answer, but without knowing how they were derived, two identical-looking coordinate pairs can carry very different reliability.
Reverse geocoding accuracy near international borders
A coordinate a few meters from a border can reverse geocode to either country depending on exactly how the border data is drawn. This is a genuinely hard case, not a bug.
How CGNAT affects IP geolocation for mobile users
Carrier-grade NAT pools large numbers of mobile subscribers behind a small number of public IP addresses, which puts a hard ceiling on how precise mobile IP geolocation can be.
Only Data quality, as it is published.
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